Sneezing or coughing was a final fatal symptom, and "all fall down" was exactly what happened. A rosy rash, they allege, was a symptom of the plague, and posies of herbs were carried as protection and to ward off the smell of the disease. The invariable sneezing and falling down in modern English versions have given would-be origin finders the opportunity to say that the rhyme dates back to the Great Plague. Peter and Iona Opie, the leading authorities on nursery rhymes, remarked:
Interpreters of the rhyme before World War II make no mention of this by 1951, however, it seems to have become well established as an explanation for the form of the rhyme that had become standard in the United Kingdom. Since after the Second World War, the rhyme has often been associated with the Great Plague which happened in England in 1665, or with earlier outbreaks of the bubonic plague in England. The Great Plague explanation of the mid-20th century Again in 1898, sneezing was then noted to be indicative of many superstitious and supernatural beliefs across differing cultures. Variations, especially more literal ones, were identified and noted with the literal falling down that would sever the connections to the game-rhyme. Īccording to Games and Songs of American Children, published in 1883, the "rosie" was a reference to the French word for rose tree and the children would dance and stoop to the person in the center. In 1892, the American writer, Eugene Field wrote a poem titled Teeny-Weeny that specifically referred to fay folk playing ring-a-rosie. Another suggestion is more literal, that it was making a "ring" around the roses and bowing with the "all fall down" as a curtsy. The theory states that it is in reference to Pagan myths and cited a passage which states, "Gifted children of fortune have the power to laugh roses, as Freyja wept gold." It claimed the first instance to be indicative of pagan beings of light.
In 1898, A Dictionary of British Folklore contained the belief that an explanation of the game was of pagan origin, based on the Sheffield Glossary comparison of Jacob Grimm's Deutsche Mythologie. Folklore scholars, however, regard the Great Plague explanation, that has been the most common since the mid-20th century, as baseless. The origins and meanings of the game have long been unknown and subject to speculation. Leslie Brooke (1862–1940) for "All Tumble Down" from Anon, Ring O' Roses (1922)
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